Headaches are one of the most common medical complaints in society worldwide; many people experience Headache Consequences Types and Treatments at some point in their lives. Headache can affect anyone regardless of age, race and sex.
The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that almost half of the adults worldwide experience a headache in a given year.
What is a Headache?
Headache is described as pain arising from the head or upper neck of the body. The pain originates in the tissues and structures surrounding the skull or brain since the brain itself does not possess nerves that give rise to the sensation of pain (pain fibers).
Headaches can be more problematic than most people realize. Different types of headaches can have their own set of symptoms, can occur for unique reasons, and need different types of care.
The thin layer of tissue (periosteum) that surrounds the bones, the muscles that line the skull, breasts, eyes, and ears, and the fine tissues that cover the surface of the brain and spinal cord (meninges), arteries, veins, and nerves. If you have a headache, all of these can become inflamed or irritated and cause headaches. There are a number of people whose headache on the right side of the head is more severe than the headache on the left side of the head.
The pain may be dull, sharp, stabbing, constant, intermittent, mild, or severe depending on the cause.
Types of Headaches
There are about 150 types of headaches, including the most common ones:
Tension Headache Every Day
Tension headaches are the most common type of headache among adults and adolescents. They cause mild to moderate pain and come and go over time. There are usually no other symptoms.
Tension headaches are a dull ache, squeezing, or pressure around the forehead or back of the head and neck. Some people say it feels like a pinch in the skull. They are often called tension headaches and are the most common type in adults.
There are two types caused by tension:
1. Episodic tension headaches appear less than 15 days a month.
2. Chronic tension headaches occur more than 15 days a month.
These headaches can last from 30 minutes to a few days. The episodic type usually begins gradually, often in the middle of the day.
Chronic ones come and go over a longer period of time. The pain may get stronger or lessened throughout the day, but it is usually present.
Headaches as a Consequence of Migraine
Migraines are characterized by sharp, stabbing pain. They can last from 4 hours to 3 days and usually occur once to four times a month. Along with the pain, people have other symptoms, such as sensitivity to light, noise, or odors; nausea or vomiting; loss of appetite; and stomach upset or pain, among others.
When a child has migraine symptoms, he or she may appear pale, dizzy, and have blurred vision, fever, and an upset stomach. A small number of children's migraines have digestive symptoms, such as vomiting, that occur about once a month.
When a child has migraine symptoms, he or she may appear pale, dizzy, and have blurred vision, fever, and an upset stomach. A small number of children's migraines have digestive symptoms, such as vomiting, that occur about once a month.
Chronic Headaches Daily
You have this kind of headache 15 days or more a month and for more than 3 months. Some are brief, but others can last more than 4 hours. They are usually one of four types of primary headaches:
1. Chronic Migraine
2. Chronic tension headache
3. New daily and persistent headache
4. Continuous hemorrhage
Headaches caused by Sinusitis
With sinus headaches, there is a strong and constant pain in the cheekbones, the forehead or the bridge of the nose. It happens when the cavities in your head, called sinuses, become inflamed.
The pain usually comes along with other sinus symptoms, such as a runny nose, fullness in the ears, fever, and a swollen face. A real sinus headache is the result of a sinus infection, so the mucus coming out of the nose will be yellow or green, unlike the clear discharge of cluster headaches or migraines.
Headaches During Pregnancy
Headaches are one of the most common discomforts experienced during a woman's pregnancy. Headaches can occur at any time during pregnancy, but are usually most common during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.
Rarely, a headache may be a sign of a more serious cause such as
- bleeding in the area between the brain and the tissue covering it (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
- Very high blood pressure
- Brain infection such as meningitis or encephalitis, or an abscess
- Brain Tumor
- Accumulation of fluid inside the skull that leads to swelling of the brain (hydrocephalus)
- Pressure build-up inside the skull that looks like a tumor, but is not (pseudotumor cerebri)
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Lack of oxygen during sleep (sleep apnea)
- Blood vessel problems and bleeding in the brain, such as arteriovenous malformation (AVM), brain aneurysm, or stroke
Headaches caused by nosebleeds
Headaches and nosebleeds are common in this type of disease. Nosebleeds occur because of broken or ruptured blood vessels in the nose. Headaches and nosebleeds can be a sign of a minor problem, such as hay fever, or something more serious, such as anemia or a low red blood cell count.
Headaches are divided into primary and secondary.
Primary
Cluster Headaches: Usually occur in short periods (15-180 minutes) of intense pain, usually around one eye, with autonomous symptoms (tearing, red eyes, nasal congestion) which occur at the same time every day. Cluster headaches can be treated with triptans and prevented with prednisone, ergotamine or lithium.
Trigeminal Neuralgia or Occipital Neuralgia: Represents a stabbing face pain.
Continuous Hemicrania: is a constant, one-sided pain with episodes of intense pain. Continuous hemicrania can be relieved with indomethacin medication.
Primary Stabbing Headache: these are repeated episodes of "stabbing pain" or "poking and prodding" for 1 second to several minutes without autonomic symptoms (tearing, red eyes, nasal congestion). These headaches can be treated with indomethacin.
Primary Cough Headache: Starts suddenly and lasts a few minutes after coughing, sneezing, or straining (anything that can increase pressure on the head). Serious causes must be ruled out before a diagnosis of "benign" primary headache can be made.
Primary Exercise Headache-Pulsating: throbbing pain that begins during or after exercise and usually lasts from 5 minutes to 24 hours. The mechanism behind these headaches is not very clear, probably due to the strain that causes the veins in the head to dilate, causing pain. These headaches can be prevented by not exercising too much and can be treated with medications such as indomethacin.
Primary Sexual Headache:an uncomfortable headache These headaches are thought to be due to less pressure on the head during sex. It is very important to note that headaches that start during orgasm may be caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage, so serious causes should be ruled out first. These headaches are treated by warning the person to stop having sex if they develop a headache. Medications such as propranolol and diltiazem may also be helpful in this case.
Hypnotic Headache: This usually presents as a moderate to severe headache that starts a few hours after falling asleep and lasts 15 to 30 minutes. The headache may recur several times during the night. Hypnotic headaches usually occur in older women. They can be treated with lithium.
Secundary
Meningitis: inflammation of the meninges that manifests itself as fever and meningism, or stiff neck.
Hemorrhage within the brain (intracranial hemorrhage)
Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (severe headache, stiff neck without fever)
Ruptured aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, intraparenchymal hemorrhage (headache only)
Brain Tumor: acute headache, which increases with exertion and change of position, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Often, the person will have nausea and vomiting for weeks before the headache begins.
Temporal Arteritis: is an inflammatory disease on the arteries, it is very common in the elderly (over 70 years old) in which they have fever, headache, weight loss, claudication of the jaw, sensitive vessels in the temples, polymyalgia rheumatica.
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma (increased pressure in the eyeball): headache that appears with pain in the eyes, accompanied by blurred vision, associated with nausea and vomiting.
On physical examination, the person will have one red eye and one fixed pupil, with medium dilation.
Post-ictal headaches : these headaches that occur after a seizure or other type of attack, as part of the post-attack period (the postictal state)
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